Birth of the electric vehicle history

History of electric vehicle

It’s hard to pinpoint the invention of the electric car to one inventor or country. Instead it was a series of breakthroughs -- from the battery to the electric motor -- in the 1800s that led to the first electric vehicle on the road.

In the early part of the century, innovators in Hungary, the Netherlands and the United States -- including a blacksmith from Vermont -- began toying with the concept of a battery-powered vehicle and created some of the first small-scale electric cars. And while Robert Anderson, a British inventor, developed the first crude electric carriage around this same time, it wasn’t until the second half of the 19th century that French and English inventors built some of the first practical electric cars.

Here in the U.S., the first successful electric car made its debut around 1890 thanks to William Morrison, a chemist who lived in Des Moines, Iowa. His six-passenger vehicle capable of a top speed of 14 miles per hour was little more than an electrified wagon, but it helped spark interest in electric vehicles.

Over the next few years, electric vehicles from different automakers began popping up across the U.S. New York City even had a fleet of more than 60 electric taxis. By 1900, electric cars were at their heyday, accounting for around a third of all vehicles on the road. During the next 10 years, they continued to show strong sales.

The early rise and fall of the electric car

To understand the popularity of electric vehicles circa 1900, it is also important to understand the development of the personal vehicle and the other options available. At the turn of the 20th century, the horse was still the primary mode of transportation. But as Americans became more prosperous, they turned to the newly invented motor vehicle -- available in steam, gasoline or electric versions -- to get around.

Steam was a tried and true energy source, having proved reliable for powering factories and trains. Some of the first self-propelled vehicles in the late 1700s relied on steam; yet it took until the 1870s for the technology to take hold in cars. Part of this is because steam wasn’t very practical for personal vehicles. Steam vehicles required long startup times -- sometimes up to 45 minutes in the cold -- and would need to be refilled with water, limiting their range.

As electric vehicles came onto the market, so did a new type of vehicle -- the gasoline-powered car -- thanks to improvements to the internal combustion engine in the 1800s. While gasoline cars had promise, they weren’t without their faults. They required a lot of manual effort to drive -- changing gears was no easy task and they needed to be started with a hand crank, making them difficult for some to operate. They were also noisy, and their exhaust was unpleasant.

Electric cars didn’t have any of the issues associated with steam or gasoline. They were quiet, easy to drive and didn’t emit a smelly pollutant like the other cars of the time. Electric cars quickly became popular with urban residents -- especially women. They were perfect for short trips around the city, and poor road conditions outside cities meant few cars of any type could venture farther. As more people gained access to electricity in the 1910s, it became easier to charge electric cars, adding to their popularity with all walks of life (including some of the “best known and prominent makers of gasoline cars” as a 1911 New York Times articl pointed out).

Many innovators at the time took note of the electric vehicle’s high demand, exploring ways to improve the technology. For example, Ferdinand Porsche, founder of the sports car company by the same name, developed an electric car called the P in 1898. Around the same time, he created the world’s first hybrid electric car -- a vehicle that is powered by electricity and a gas engine. Thomas Edison, one of the world’s most prolific inventors, thought electric vehicles were the superior technology and worked to build a better electric vehicle battery. Even Henry Ford, who was friends with Edison, partnered with Edison to explore options for a low-cost electric car in 1914, according to Wired

Yet, it was Henry Ford’s mass-produced Model T that dealt a blow to the electric car. Introduced in 1908, the Model T made gasoline-powered cars widely available and affordable. By 1912, the gasoline car cost only $650, while an electric roadster sold for $1,750. That same year, Charles Kettering introduced the electric starter, eliminating the need for the hand crank and giving rise to more gasoline-powered vehicle sales.

Other developments also contributed to the decline of the electric vehicle. By the 1920s, the U.S. had a better system of roads connecting cities, and Americans wanted to get out and explore. With the discovery of Texas crude oil, gas became cheap and readily available for rural Americans, and filling stations began popping up across the country. In comparison, very few Americans outside of cities had electricity at that time. In the end, electric vehicles all but disappeared by 1935.

Gas shortages spark interest in electric vehicles

Over the next 30 years or so, electric vehicles entered a sort of dark ages with little advancement in the technology. Cheap, abundant gasoline and continued improvement in the internal combustion engine hampered demand for alternative fuel vehicles.

Fast forward to the late 1960s and early 1970s. Soaring oil prices and gasoline shortages -- peaking with the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo -- created a growing interest in lowering the U.S.’s dependence on foreign oil and finding homegrown sources of fuel. Congress took note and passed the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976, authorizing the Energy Department to support research and development in electric and hybrid vehicles.

Around this same time, many big and small automakers began exploring options for alternative fuel vehicles, including electric cars. For example, General Motors developed a prototype for an urban electric car that it displayed at the Environmental Protection Agency’s First Symposium on Low Pollution Power Systems Development in 1973, and the American Motor Company produced electric delivery jeeps that the United States Postal Service used in a 1975 test program. Even NASA helped raise the profile of the electric vehicle when its electric Lunar rover became the first manned vehicle to drive on the moon in 1971.

Yet, the vehicles developed and produced in the 1970s still suffered from drawbacks compared to gasoline-powered cars. Electric vehicles during this time had limited performance -- usually topping at speeds of 45 miles per hour -- and their typical range was limited to 40 miles before needing to be recharged.

Environmental concern drives electric vehicles forward

Fast forward again -- this time to the 1990s. In the 20 years since the long gas lines of the 1970s, interest in electric vehicles had mostly died down. But new federal and state regulations begin to change things. The passage of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment and the 1992 Energy Policy Act -- plus new transportation emissions regulations issued by the California Air Resources Board -- helped create a renewed interest in electric vehicles in the U.S.

During this time, automakers began modifying some of their popular vehicle models into electric vehicles. This meant that electric vehicles now achieved speeds and performance much closer to gasoline-powered vehicles, and many of them had a range of 60 miles.

One of the most well-known electric cars during this time was GM’s EV1, a car that was heavily featured in the 2006 documentary Who Killed the Electric Car? Instead of modifying an existing vehicle, GM designed and developed the EV1 from the ground up. With a range of 80 miles and the ability to accelerate from 0 to 50 miles per hour in just seven seconds, the EV1 quickly gained a cult following. But because of high production costs, the EV1 was never commercially viable, and GM discontinued it in 2001.

With a booming economy, a growing middle class and low gas prices in the late 1990s, many consumers didn’t worry about fuel-efficient vehicles. Even though there wasn’t much public attention to electric vehicles at this time, behind the scenes, scientists and engineers -- supported by the Energy Department -- were working to improve electric vehicle technology, including batteries.

A new beginning for electric cars

While all the starts and stops of the electric vehicle industry in the second half of the 20th century helped show the world the promise of the technology, the true revival of the electric vehicle didn’t happen until around the start of the 21st century. Depending on whom you ask, it was one of two events that sparked the interest we see today in electric vehicles.

The first turning point many have suggested was the introduction of the Toyota Prius. Released in Japan in 1997, the Prius became the world’s first mass-produced hybrid electric vehicle. In 2000, the Prius was released worldwide, and it became an instant success with celebrities, helping to raise the profile of the car. To make the Prius a reality, Toyota used a nickel metal hydride battery -- a technology that was supported by the Energy Department’s research. Since then, rising gasoline prices and growing concern about carbon pollution have helped make the Prius the best-selling hybrid worldwide during the past decade.

(Historical footnote: Before the Prius could be introduced in the U.S., Honda released the Insight hybrid in 1999, making it the first hybrid sold in the U.S. since the early 1900s.)

The other event that helped reshape electric vehicles was the announcement in 2006 that a small Silicon Valley startup, Tesla Motors, would start producing a luxury electric sports car that could go more than 200 miles on a single charge. In 2010, Tesla received at $465 million loan from the Department of Energy’s Loan Programs Office -- a loan that Tesla repaid a full nine years early -- to establish a manufacturing facility in California. In the short time since then, Tesla has won wide acclaim for its cars and has become the largest auto industry employer in California.

Tesla’s announcement and subsequent success spurred many big automakers to accelerate work on their own electric vehicles. In late 2010, the Chevy Volt and the Nissan LEAF were released in the U.S. market. The first commercially available plug-in hybrid, the Volt has a gasoline engine that supplements its electric drive once the battery is depleted, allowing consumers to drive on electric for most trips and gasoline to extend the vehicle’s range. In comparison, the LEAF is an all-electric vehicle (often called a battery-electric vehicle, an electric vehicle or just an EV for short), meaning it is only powered by an electric motor.

Over the next few years, other automakers began rolling out electric vehicles in the U.S.; yet, consumers were still faced with one of the early problems of the electric vehicle -- where to charge their vehicles on the go. Through the Recovery Act, the Energy Department invested more than $115 million to help build a nation-wide charging infrastructure, installing more than 18,000 residential, commercial and public chargers across the country. Automakers and other private businesses also installed their own chargers at key locations in the U.S., bringing today’s total of public electric vehicle chargers to more than 8,000 different locations with more than 20,000 charging outlets.

At the same time, new battery technology -- supported by the Energy Department’s Vehicle Technologies Office -- began hitting the market, helping to improve a plug-in electric vehicle’s range. In addition to the battery technology in nearly all of the first generation hybrids, the Department’s research also helped develop the lithium-ion battery technology used in the Volt. More recently, the Department’s investment in battery research and development has helped cut electric vehicle battery costs by 50 percent in the last four years, while simultaneously improving the vehicle batteries' performance (meaning their power, energy and durability). This in turn has helped lower the costs of electric vehicles, making them more affordable for consumers.

Consumers now have more choices than ever when it comes to buying an electric vehicle. Today, there are 23 plug-in electric and 36 hybrid models available in a variety of sizes -- from the two-passenger Smart ED to the midsized Ford C-Max Energi to the BMW i3 luxury SUV. As gasoline prices continue to rise and the prices on electric vehicles continue to drop, electric vehicles are gaining in popularity -- with more than 234,000 plug-in electric vehicles and 3.3 million hybrids on the road in the U.S. today.

The future of electric cars

It’s hard to tell where the future will take electric vehicles, but it’s clear they hold a lot of potential for creating a more sustainable future. If we transitioned all the light-duty vehicles in the U.S. to hybrids or plug-in electric vehicles using our current technology mix, we could reduce our dependence on foreign oil by 30-60 percent, while lowering the carbon pollution from the transportation sector by as much as 20 percent.

To help reach these emissions savings, in 2012 President Obama launched the EV Everywhere Grand Challenge -- an Energy Department initiative that brings together America’s best and brightest scientists, engineers and businesses to make plug-in electric vehicles more as affordable as today’s gasoline-powered vehicles by 2022. On the battery front, the Department’s Joint Center for Energy Storage Research at Argonne National Laboratory is working to overcome the biggest scientific and technical barriers that prevent large-scale improvements of batteries.

And the Department’s Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) is advancing game-changing technologies that could alter how we think of electric vehicles. From investing in new types of batteries that could go further on a single charge to cost-effective alternatives to materials critical to electric motors, ARPA-E’s projects could transform electric vehicles. 

In the end, only time will tell what road electric vehicles will take in the future. 

Best Electric Cars in India with price

Best Electric Cars in India

An Electric car is a car that is moved by at least one electric engine, utilizing energy in the form of electricity. Compared with heat motor vehicles, electric vehicles are calmer have no burning outflows, and lower issues in general.

While many around the world have successfully moved the climate to favorable electric vehicles. Indians are simply beginning to appreciate the possibility and helpfulness of electric vehicles, in 2019-2020 electric vehicles deals were up to 20 % (source). Resultant of this sudden interest vehicle maker is connecting new battery-worked vehicles forever.  

What is an Electric Car?

An electric car is an electric fuel automobile that utilizes an electric engine and engine regulator for deriving, instead of more normal impulsion methods like the inside burning motor (ICE).

If you are in the market searching for the best electric cars in India you have surprised on to the ideal point here, we have write down the most perfect conclusion there, both present and coming.

Take a look and choose yourself.


Best electric cars in India with prices

Here we are going to explain the best electric cars in India with the prices for your best choice.

1. Hyundai Kona Electric Car

It is the first long-range electric car in India. This is provided with the boost permanent magnet synchronous motor. The Kona electric car is taken into consideration one of the satisfactory electric vehicle in India. It has aggressive pickup accomplishing 100kmph in only under 10 seconds.

Along with its magnificent mileage, this car can produce significant force at 395 Nm. Power-wise; the Kona electric can generate round 134bhp below best situations.

New Kona Electric looks sportier with new front belt and body-hued wheel curve encompass.

The dashboard format is unaltered however gets new 10.25 inch shows for the driver’s instruments bunch and the touch screen infotainment framework.

Hyundai could bring the face lifted Kona Electric to India in the second-50% of 2021.

  Battery Capacity    39.2 KWh

  Distance according to charge   452 Km/ full charge

  Recharge Time 57 minutes in speedy charging and normal charging in 6 hours

  Awards won Winner of electronic vehicles of the year award at the 2019 Tech and Auto Awards

 Price Starting from 23.71 lakh

2.  MG. ZS EVs 

MG ZS EV is the circle of relatives friendly electric cars designed for folks that want all of the advantages of zero emissions automobile without compromising on practicality or fashion. Benefitting from our good sized experience in the manufacture of electric motors and batteries, the ZS EV pairs lovely design with high quality generation. The British brand offers a top notch EV, which considers as one of the top electric car in India. It is fueled by a similar engine like that in Tata Nexon, EV. This stunningly planned SUV flaunts a few splendid highlights including a 448-litters boot space, precious stone cut, haggles helped electric guiding. It can also produce a huge force of 353 Nm. 

  Battery Capacity   445 KWh

  Distance per Charge   390Km/ full charge

  Recharge Time   Fast recharging in 50 minutes and normal charge takes 6-8 hours

  Price   Starting from 20.88 lakh

3. Tata Nexon

Tata Nexon has 3 phase permanent magnet synchronous. It is perhaps the greatest EV SUVs, out there. Its Li-ion polymer battery outfitted with fluid cooling to guarantee that temperatures remain generally low even after a lengthy derives.

Despite the fact that it depends on power, this car can produce amazing pinnacle forces of 127bhp. Twilight Silver, Signature Teal Blue, and Glacier White are the three shading choices you can pick front.

Is Tata Nexon a success?

Tata Nexon referred as one of the best successful products of the company. It was launched back as in 2016 and soon became famous. Before the Nexon the Eco sport was the car to beat in the sub-compact SUV segment. But the Nexon was a product that really made the sub-compact SUV segment stand out.

  Battery Capacity 302 KWh

  Distance per Charge 312 Km/ full charge

  Recharge Time 0-80 % charge in 1 hour with fast charger

  Price Starting from 13.99 lakh

4. Tata Tigor EV

Tata Tigor EV controlled by a three stage AC enlistment engine, this electric car comes in Egyptian Blue and pearlescent White shading choices. The 310-liters 

 boot space is an extra office that can be extremely convenient while putting away baggage. 

You can expect max force of 105 Nm. Under normal conditions, the speed of this car can reach up to m80 Kmph. 

Battery Capacity   21.5 KWh

Distance per Charge   142 Km/full charge

Recharge Time   Fast charging in 90 minute and normal charge in 6 hours

Price   9.54 lakh

5. Mahindra e- verito

Mahindra offering, the e-verito is a sedan, not like the e2oplus. It is enforced with the same AC- induction, 3-phase motor. However this electric car gives a massive boot space, nearly 510-liter, which makes it perfect for hauling large bags and gadget.

Additional function includes electro-hydraulic energy guidance and tubeless metal wheels. However, its miles most effective available in a Diamond White color.  

  Battery Capacity 21.2 Wh

  Distance per Charge 10Km/ full Charge

  Recharge Time Fast charging in 1 hours and 45 minutes

  Price Starting from 10.11 lakh

6. Nissan Leaf

Nissan leaf is good to go to get a face life sooner rather than later. With a superior battery limit, this impending vehicle will purportedly have the option to dele cu 148bhp of force close by a 220 NM peak force. Further reports stat that Nissan is hoping to offer two distinct noodles with the base variations wearing a 50KWh battery.

  Battery Capacity   50 KWh and 75 KWh
  Distance per Charge   400 Km/ full charge
  Recharge Time   Between 8 hours and 16 hours
  Expected Price 35 lakh- 40 lakh

Is Nissan LEAF the best-selling electric car?

Nissan LEAF electric car was the top selling electric car used in most states, based on a survey of more than 50k sales between 2019 and September 2020. The LEAF comprised 27.7% of sales surveyed, compared to 17.8% for the runner up.

Plug –in electric vehicles (also known as electric cars or EVs) are connected, fun, and practical. They can reduce emission and even save your money.

Fueling with electricity offers some advantages not available in conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. Because electric motors react quickly, Ecars are very responsive and have very good torque. 

EVs charging stations providing the option to control charging from smart phone app.  Just like a smart phone you can plug-in you’re Ecar, when you get home and have it ready for you to use the next morning. Since the electric grid is available almost anywhere, there is variety of options for charging:

At home, at work or on the road.

By charging often, you may never need to go to a gas station again

But Electric Cars provide more than just individual benefits. EVs can help the Indian         state have a greater Diversity of fuel chases available for transportation.

The U.S nearly used 9 billion barrels of petroleum last year, two –thirds of which went towards transportation. Over reliance on petroleum makes us vulnerable to price spikes and supply disruptions. Ecars help reduce this threat because almost all U.S electricity is produced from domestic sources, including coals, nuclear, natural gas, and renewable sources.

Ecars can also reduce the emissions that contribute to climate change and smog, improving public health, and reducing ecological damage charging your EV on renewable energy such as solar or wind minimizes these emission even more.


Tesla Roadster 2008 2nd gen specs List


Tesla is one of the most popular Brand which provide premium Electric cars to our costumers. Tesla began production of their first (E)car model, the Roadster in 2008. He lunched his first completely Electric car in 2009 which is Tesla Roadster (1st gen) and in the company test this car achieve more then expected result 245mils (394km) in a Single charge. and now he continuously manufacture electric cars with advance modifications.


Tesla Roadster (2 gen) mechanical specifications


GENERAL


Ex, Price:€ 99.960
New Price Roadworthy:n/a
Road Tax / 3 Months:€ 0
Body Type:2-doors, convertible
Transmission:traploze automatic
Number Of Seats:2
Segment:g (sport)
Introduction:april 2010
End:december 2012

DRIVING


Drive Wheel :rear
Engine/motor Type:electric motor
Fuel Type:n/a
Total Max. Power:185 kw (248 hp)
Total Max. Power KW:185
Total Max. Power Hp:248
Total Max Torque:370 nm


ELECTRIC MOTOR & PERFORMANCE


Top Speed:200 km/h
Acceleration 0-100 Km / H:3,9 s
Engine Type:asynchronous motor
Max Power:185 kw (252 hp)
Max. Power KW:185
Max. Power Hp:252
Max Torque:370 nm
Number Of Engines:1
Battery Type:lithium-ion
Battery Capacity:53 kwh
Battery Voltage:375 v
Capacity:14,5 kw ac
Charging Time:04:09
Fast Charging Capability:n/a
Fast Charging Time:

CHASSIS

Front Suspension:independent, wishbone
Rear Suspension:multilink
Front Suspension:coil springs
Rear Suspension:coil springs
Front Stabilizer:no
Rear Stabilizer:no
Front Brakes:discs
Rear Brakes:drums
Front Tire Size:175/55r16
Tire Size Rear:225/45r17
Turning Circle:11,1 m

Future of Electric cars in 2022


Electric cars is Future of automobile industry and according to Bloomberg report in 2050 almost 75% world vehicles shifted on electric cars. There is no doubt about electric cars being the future of the auto industry around the globe. Perhaps so many developed countries have already shifted towards the production of electric vehicles to reduce the carbon footprint from the environment.
The aim of the Prime Minister of Pakistan to shift towards electric mobility is in its initial phase as the electric vehicle (EV) policy was recently approved by the parliament. As a major benefit of the introduction of electric cars in Pakistan, the annual oil import bill of the country is expected to reduce by $2 billion, as said by the adviser to Prime Minister on Climate Change Malik Amin Aslam.

Aslam added that the policy aims to provide cheaper transport, as the cost of running electric vehicles is considerably lower than that of gasoline, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or other types of fuel.
He informed the media that over 3,000 CNG stations that had been shut down due to the natural gas shortage will be transformed into EV charging stations adding that,
The introduction of electric car in Pakistan had become inevitable. To counter these environment-related issues, the PM of Pakistan had issued directives to formulate an electric vehicles policy which was recently presented in the parliament and got an approval. The introduction of electric cars will have an extremely positive impact on the overall condition of our environment and will offer several benefits to the consumers and the economy.

Electric Vehicles will have a Positive Impact on the Pakistani Economy

Reduce annual oil import bill


Pakistan is currently going through a tough phase of the economic crisis, which has caused inflation in every sector of the country. The auto industry is also in deep waters due to a sharp decline in the value of the local currency against the US dollar. The car sales have dropped significantly due to sky-rocketing prices of automobiles.
20 Interesting Facts about Electric Cars
In these circumstances, the introduction of electric vehicles will reduce the annual oil import bill of the country by $2 billion, according to the adviser to PM on Climate Change. He said that electricity is less expensive in comparison to petroleum products and its price also remains more stable.

Reduced car maintenance cost


According to Amin Aslam, the end consumers will be able to save up to 30% on the maintenance cost of the vehicles. Unlike combustion engine vehicles, electric cars don’t require any petroleum aid or other relevant maintenance parameters.
The consumers don’t need to change any engine oil, and the only major maintenance includes the suspension, braking, tires, and battery of the vehicle. At the same time, electric cars will be offering more comfort and convenience to its users. The introduction of EV policy is the first step towards making the environment clean and green. The overall environmental degradation has been largely contributed by the conventional smoke emitting vehicles.
The carbon emissions from these vehicles also contribute to the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which has caused a drastic climate change over the years. In the case of electric vehicles, no such carbon dioxide is released in the atmosphere, thus keeping the environment pollution-free. With the reduction of pollution, health issues will also decrease eventually. Currently, the emissions from combustion engine vehicles contribute to nearly 40% of the total air pollution in the atmosphere.

Improve transport system in Pakistan


According to the adviser to PM, the electric Vehicle policy will play a vital role in revolutionizing the transport sector of the country. He further stated that the EV policy would give birth to a new economic sector in the country.

Thousands of new job opportunities will be created that will lift up the overall sector.On the other hand, the federal government is also willing to introduce a mass transit system, and for that, provincial governments are being approached. 
Under this new system, electric buses will be launched to achieve pollution and noise-free, inexpensive and comfortable source of commuting for the general public.

On the other hand, while talking to media along with other officials of Pakistan Electric Vehicles and Parts Manufacturers and Traders Association (PEVPMTA), Amin Aslam announced that the local automobile manufacturers in Karachi have successfully made electric vehicle conversion kits. According to him, the cost of converting the combustion engine motorbike into electric with the help of this kit will be around Rs.20,000 to Rs.35,000.

Foreign Investment in Pakistan


Furthermore, the ministry is also holding several meetings with the Japanese ambassador regarding the partnership on the electric vehicle conversion process. Japan has already agreed upon assisting Pakistan in shifting the cars of Honda and Suzuki into electric, which is a positive sign for the country.
Moreover, the electric vehicles run on lithium batteries, and the EV policy will be a huge leap towards boosting up the battery manufacturing industry for electric cars in Pakistan.
China is on top of the leader board in this sector as it’s already producing around 90% of the world’s most advanced lithium batteries and electric cars. Pakistan has very good relations with China, and the country will definitely benefit from the Chinese industrial experience in battery manufacturing and electric vehicles.
Nonetheless, it’s a great initiative by the government to shift to electric vehicles to reduce the carbon footprint.

Some Key Facts about Electric Vehicles

  1. First successful electric car in the United States was unveiled around 1890 invent by William Morrison, had a top speed of 14 miles per hour and could hold up to six people.
  2. Not all electric cars are same Some are plug in hybrids, which have a gas/diesel engine and an electric motor. Others, known as ‘electric battery’ just use electricity.
  3. International Energy Agency says there are over 2 million electric cars in use, and 750,000 were sold across the world last year 2018.
  4. Plug-in electric cars can save you money, with much lower fuel costs on average than conventional gasoline vehicles.
  5. Electric cars are usually created by replacing the fuel tank and gasoline engine with electric motors, batteries, and controllers, the result is a car that is heavier and less efficient than a car solely running on electricity.